Short Questions (60*1=60 Marks)

Answer:

4) Printer

Explanation:

Output devices are hardware that communicate the results of computer processes to the user.

• Printer: Produces physical output, like documents or images.
• ROM: A type of memory, not an output device.
• Joystick and Mouse: Input devices.

Answer:

1) Cache

Explanation:

Cache memory is a small-sized type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data access to the processor. It temporarily stores frequently accessed data to improve processing speed.

Answer:

4) MS Word

Explanation:

Application software is designed for end-users to perform specific tasks.

• MS Word: A word processing application software.
• MS Windows 10, Ubuntu 20.04, and MS Windows XP: Operating systems, not application software.

Answer:

3) Internet

Explanation:

The Internet is the largest global network connecting millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks.

• LAN: Local Area Network, limited to a small area.
• MAN: Metropolitan Area Network, spans a city or campus.
• WAN: Wide Area Network, larger than LAN and MAN but smaller than the Internet.

Answer:

4) HTTP

Explanation:

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) defines the rules for transferring files like text, images, and videos over the web.

• FTP: File Transfer Protocol for transferring files between systems.
• SSH: Secure Shell, used for secure access to remote computers.
• DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, used for IP address management.

Answer:

1) .tif

Explanation:

.tif is primarily used for scanned documents and is often associated with image formats, but it is less commonly used for general-purpose images compared to .jpeg, .png, and .gif.

Answer:

3) Requirement Engineering

Explanation:

Requirement Engineering involves gathering, analyzing, and documenting the client’s needs and requirements for the software development process.

• Feasibility Study: Determines whether a project is viable.
• Requirement Gathering: A subset of Requirement Engineering focused on collecting requirements.
• Project Analysis: Broader term that may include various project management tasks.

Answer:

4) It is a reference model mapped onto software components & data flow with comments

Explanation:

Reference architecture is a standardized, high-level architecture model that provides guidelines for designing systems, including software components and their data flows, often accompanied by explanatory comments.

Answer:

4) Beta testing

Explanation:

Beta testing is often considered a form of acceptance testing because it involves real users testing the software to determine if it meets their requirements and expectations before it is released to the public.

• Alpha testing: Conducted internally by developers.
• White-box testing: Focuses on testing the internal workings of the software.
• Grey-box testing: A combination of black-box and white-box testing.

Answer:

3) To understand and model the dynamic aspects of the system

Explanation:

In Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD), representing system behavior is critical for modeling the dynamic aspects, such as object interactions and state changes, during the system’s operation.

Answer:

2) The accessibility of class members from other parts of the program

Explanation:

In OO design, visibility refers to the scope and access control of class members (fields, methods), determining whether they are public, private, or protected, and how they can be accessed from outside the class.

Answer:

2) Through the use of composition and aggregation

Explanation:

In object-oriented design, relationships between classes are often represented using composition (a “has-a” relationship) and aggregation (a weaker “has-a” relationship), which map to class interactions in code.

Answer:

2) Abstract Data Types

Explanation:

Abstract Data Types (ADT) define operations that can be performed on data but do not specify the internal implementation details. They focus on the “what” rather than the “how”.

Answer:

1) try

Explanation:

The try block is used to enclose the code that might throw an exception. If an exception occurs, it is handled by the catch block. The finally block is used for cleanup tasks, and throw is used to explicitly throw an exception.

Answer:

3) pointer

Explanation:

A pointer is a variable that holds the memory address of another variable. It is used to refer to the location of a value rather than the value itself.

Answer:

1) void add ( int a, int b), void add( double a, double b)

Explanation:

Function overloading occurs when multiple functions have the same name but differ in parameters (either in type or number of arguments). Option 1 is an example of function overloading because both functions share the same name “add” but take different parameter types (int vs. double).

Answer:

4) unsigned int

Explanation:

The %u format specifier is used to print an unsigned int (a positive integer) in C. It is used when working with values that cannot be negative.

Answer:

2) different data types.

Explanation:

The C++ Standard Template Library (STL) allows developers to write generic code that works with different data types through templates. This promotes code reuse and flexibility across various data types.

Answer:

3) Implementation level

Explanation:

The Implementation level is where the model is translated into executable code, making it functional and compatible with the execution environment. This is the stage where design concepts become tangible software.

Answer:

2) h(k) = k mod m

Explanation:

In the division method for hashing, the hash function is h(k) = k mod m, where k is the key, and m is the size of the hash table. This method computes the remainder when dividing the key by the table size.

Answer:

2) Normal

Explanation:

Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity. This involves dividing a database into smaller tables and ensuring each table contains data only relevant to a single subject.

Answer:

2) Logs

Explanation:

It is advisable to store logs before applying transactions to a database. This helps to track the changes made to the data and ensures that any changes can be undone or retraced in case of an error or system failure.

Answer:

1) Mutual Exclusion

Explanation:

Mutual Exclusion ensures that multiple processes do not access shared resources simultaneously, preventing conflicts and data inconsistencies. The enter-critical and exit-critical functions are used to control access to the critical section of code.

Answer:

1) Administrator User account

Explanation:

An Administrator User account allows a user to perform administrative tasks that require elevated privileges, such as installing software, changing system settings, and managing user accounts.

Answer:

2) 5

Explanation:

The 8086 microprocessor supports 5 addressing modes, which allow the CPU to access operands in different ways, such as through direct, indirect, or indexed addressing.

Answer:

1) DMA controller

Explanation:

A DMA (Direct Memory Access) controller allows data to be transferred between memory and peripheral devices without CPU involvement, which improves system performance by reducing CPU workload.

Answer:

2) 256

Explanation:

The 8086 microprocessor supports 256 software interrupt types (interrupt vectors 00h to FFh), which are used to handle various system-level and application-level interrupt requests.

Answer:

1) XOR

Explanation:

The XOR instruction performs a logical exclusive OR operation between two operands, which is commonly used in bitwise logical operations in the 8086 microprocessor.

Answer:

2) Optimal page replacement

Explanation:

The Optimal page replacement algorithm replaces the page that will not be used for the longest period of time in the future. This algorithm aims to minimize page faults but is not feasible for implementation due to the requirement of future knowledge.

Answer:

2) Burst mode

Explanation:

In Burst mode, the DMA controller transfers the entire block of data in one go without interruption, after which the CPU takes control of the buses.

Answer:

3) Worst case

Explanation:

Big-O notation is used to describe the upper bound or worst-case time complexity of an algorithm. It helps in understanding how the algorithm performs under the most challenging conditions.

Answer:

4) Quick

Explanation:

Quick Sort is generally preferred for sorting in terms of average case time complexity as it has an average time complexity of O(n log n), which is faster than the other options.

Answer:

1) Greedy approach

Explanation:

The Greedy approach solves problems by selecting the best option available at the moment, without worrying about future consequences, aiming for an optimal solution.

Answer:

2) Bootloader

Explanation:

The Bootloader is a small program stored in ROM that initializes the system and loads the operating system from storage into memory at startup.

Answer:

4) Macro expansion

Explanation:

Macro expansion refers to the process of replacing a macro instruction with the corresponding group of source language statements as defined in the macro definition.

Answer:

4) Listen

Explanation:

The listen function is used in socket programming to announce that the server is ready to accept incoming connection requests from clients.

Answer:

2) Deterministic environment

Explanation:

In a deterministic environment, the future state of the environment is completely predictable, based solely on the current state and the action taken by the agent.

Answer:

2) Breadth-first search (BFS)

Explanation:

Breadth-first search (BFS) is guaranteed to find the optimal solution when there are no path costs, as it explores all states level by level.

Answer:

3) To prove the satisfiability or un-satisfiability of a given set of logical statements

Explanation:

The resolution algorithm is used in logic-based inference systems to prove whether a set of logical statements is satisfiable or unsatisfiable by deriving contradictions.

Answer:

3) Analyzing and interpreting the meaning of natural language text

Explanation:

Natural Language Understanding (NLU) aims to analyze and interpret the meaning of text written in natural language, enabling machines to comprehend human communication.

Answer:

1) A type of learning algorithm that uses fuzzy logic to handle uncertain or imprecise data

Explanation:

Fuzzy learning applies fuzzy logic to deal with uncertain or imprecise data, enabling machines to model and handle ambiguity in real-world problems.

Answer:

4) Recurrent neural network (RNN)

Explanation:

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are specifically designed to handle sequential data, making them ideal for time series and natural language processing tasks.

Answer:

2) First.class

Explanation:

When a Java source file is compiled, the bytecode is saved with a .class extension. This bytecode can then be run on any platform with a compatible Java Virtual Machine (JVM).

Answer:

3) ActionListener

Explanation:

The ActionListener interface is used for handling button clicks or action events in Java. It captures actions like pressing a button or selecting a menu item.

Answer:

2) init()

Explanation:

The init() method is called first when a servlet is loaded, and it is used for initializing the servlet before it handles any client requests.

Answer:

3) store, transport

Explanation:

XML (Extensible Markup Language) is designed primarily to store and transport data, providing a way to structure and exchange information between different systems.

Answer:

4) init

Explanation:

init() is a method in servlets for initialization, not a CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) operation. CRUD operations involve managing data, while init() initializes the servlet.

Answer:

4) CallableStatement

Explanation:

CallableStatement is used to call stored procedures in a database. It allows calling functions or procedures in SQL from a Java application.

Answer:

4) Rate monotonic

Explanation:

Rate monotonic scheduling is a fixed priority algorithm for scheduling periodic tasks, where tasks with shorter periods are given higher priorities.

Answer:

2) all tasks must be serviced by its deadline period.

Explanation:

A real-time operating system (RTOS) ensures that tasks are completed within a defined time frame or deadline, which is a key characteristic for time-sensitive applications.

Answer:

2) Distributed computing

Explanation:

Distributed computing involves services and applications running over a distributed network, using virtualized resources across multiple machines or locations.

Answer:

3) Object adapter

Explanation:

The Object adapter in CORBA acts as the ‘glue’ between the client and server applications by managing the communication and interaction between the objects in the distributed environment.

Answer:

1) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Explanation:

SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) is a cloud computing service model where software applications are hosted on the cloud and made available to users over the internet.

Answer:

4) concurrent

Explanation:

When two or more events have the same timestamp, they are considered concurrent, meaning that they occur at the same time but not necessarily in any specific order.

Answer:

3) 297 × 420

Explanation:

The standard dimensions of an A3 drawing sheet are 297 mm × 420 mm. This is part of the ISO 216 standard for paper sizes.

Answer:

3) diminishing balance

Explanation:

The diminishing balance method of depreciation charges a larger amount of depreciation in the earlier years of the asset’s life, with the amount decreasing over time.

Answer:

3) resource smoothing

Explanation:

Resource smoothing is the process of adjusting the project’s resource usage to optimize the allocation without changing the project’s duration. It ensures that resources are used efficiently within the available limits.

Answer:

1) capital structure planning

Explanation:

Capital structure planning refers to the process of determining the best mix of financing for a company, which includes raising funds from different sources like equity, bonds, and debentures.

Answer:

3) horticultural society

Explanation:

Horticultural societies focus on the cultivation of plants primarily for subsistence. They often grow plants to feed themselves and their livestock, unlike agricultural societies, which use large-scale farming practices.

Answer:

3) recognized

Explanation:

According to the Nepal Engineering Council Act, engineering academic institutions must be recognized by the Council to ensure they meet the required standards for engineering education.