set-4

Answer: 2. Quality of conformance

Explanation:

• Quality of conformance refers to the degree to which the product adheres to the design specifications during manufacturing. It ensures that the product meets the intended design and quality standards.

Answer: 1. Testing

Explanation:

• Testing is not an external failure cost. External failure costs include technical support, warranty work, and complaint resolution, which arise after the product has been delivered to the customer.

Answer: 2. Amount of technical work to be performed

Explanation:

• The amount of technical work to be performed is not a part of the Software Quality Assurance (SQA) plan. SQA focuses on audits, reviews, evaluations, and documentation to ensure quality.

Answer: 2. Maintenance

Explanation:

• Maintenance is not an appraisal cost in Software Quality Assurance (SQA). Appraisal costs include inter-process inspection, quality planning, and testing, which are activities aimed at ensuring quality.

Answer: 3. SQA group

Explanation:

• The Software Quality Assurance (SQA) group is responsible for identifying, documenting, and verifying that corrections have been made to the software. They ensure that defects are resolved and quality standards are met.

Answer: 4. SQA and SQM

Explanation:

• Quality Management in software engineering is also known as Software Quality Assurance (SQA) and Software Quality Management (SQM). Both focus on ensuring that the software meets quality standards.

Answer: 4. All of the mentioned

Explanation:

• Quality in software can be measured in terms of user satisfaction, which includes delivering a compliant product, good quality output, and meeting budget and schedule constraints. All these factors contribute to user satisfaction.

Answer: 3. 80, 20

Explanation:

• Pareto’s principle states that 80% of defects can be traced to 20% of all causes. This principle is often used in quality management to focus on the most significant issues.

Answer: 2. Maintenance

Explanation:

• Maintenance is not an appraisal cost in Software Quality Assurance (SQA). Appraisal costs include inter-process inspection, quality planning, and testing, which are activities aimed at ensuring quality.

Answer: 4. All of the mentioned

Explanation:

• The Software Quality Assurance (SQA) group identifies, documents, and verifies that corrections have been made to the software. They ensure that defects are resolved and quality standards are met.

Answer: 3. Tracing each defect to its underlying cause, isolating the “vital few” causes, and moving to correct them

Explanation:

• Statistical Quality Assurance (SQA) involves tracing each defect to its underlying cause, isolating the most significant causes (the “vital few”), and taking corrective actions to improve quality.

Answer: 4. All of the mentioned above

Explanation:

• A quality assurance system includes the organizational structure, responsibilities, procedures, processes, and resources for implementing quality management. All these elements are essential for ensuring quality.

Answer: 1. True

Explanation:

• Statistical Quality Assurance (SQA) reflects a growing trend in the industry to use quantitative methods to measure and improve quality. It involves data-driven decision-making and analysis.

Answer: 4. All of the mentioned above

Explanation:

• Statistical Quality Assurance (SQA) involves collecting and categorizing information about errors and defects, tracing them to their underlying causes, and using the Pareto principle to focus on the most significant issues.

Answer: 1. Six Sigma

Explanation:

• Six Sigma is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance in the software engineering industry. It focuses on reducing defects and improving process quality through data-driven methods.

Answer: 1. Process control

Explanation:

• According to ISO 9001, inspection and testing are part of process control. This ensures that processes are monitored and controlled to maintain product quality.

Answer: 4. ISO 9001:2015

Explanation:

• The latest version of ISO 9001 in the ISO 9000 family is ISO 9001:2015. It provides guidelines for quality management systems and emphasizes risk-based thinking.

Answer: 3. BIS

Explanation:

• The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) represents India in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). It is responsible for standardization and quality certification in India.

Answer: 4. Organizing processes, improving the efficiency of processes, and continuous improvement

Explanation:

• The ISO 9001 standard helps in organizing processes, improving process efficiency, and promoting continuous improvement. These advantages contribute to better quality management and customer satisfaction.

Answer: 2. ISO 9001

Explanation:

• ISO 9001 is the only standard in the ISO 9000 family to which organizations can certify. It provides requirements for a quality management system and is widely used for certification.

Answer: 1. ISO 19011:2018

Explanation:

• ISO 19011:2018 provides guidelines for auditing management systems, including quality management systems. It helps organizations conduct effective audits to ensure compliance and improvement.

Answer: 4. ISO 9004:2018

Explanation:

• ISO 9004:2018 provides guidance for achieving sustained success and continuous improvement in an organization. It focuses on enhancing performance and achieving long-term success.

Answer: 3. Customer dissatisfaction

Explanation:

• Customer dissatisfaction is not a quality management principle. ISO 9000:2015 and ISO 9001:2015 are based on principles such as customer focus, leadership, and evidence-based decision making.

Answer: 3. Define, measure, analyze

Explanation:

• The Six Sigma methodology defines three core steps: Define, Measure, and Analyze. These steps are part of the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) process used for process improvement.

Answer: 3. It is the most widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance AND The “Six Sigma” refers to six standard deviations

Explanation:

• Six Sigma is both a widely used strategy for statistical quality assurance and a reference to six standard deviations in a process. It aims to reduce defects and improve process quality.

Answer: 1. Errors

Explanation:

• The primary objective of formal technical reviews is to find errors during the development process so that they can be corrected before the software is released. This helps prevent defects in the final product.

Answer: 1. Casual meeting

Explanation:

• An informal review may consist of a casual meeting where team members discuss the software without following a formal process. It is less structured than formal reviews like inspections.

Answer: 4. Uncover errors in software work products

Explanation:

• The primary objective of Formal Technical Reviews (FTR) is to uncover errors in software work products. This helps ensure that defects are identified and corrected early in the development process.

Answer: 3. What was reviewed, Who reviewed it, What were the findings

Explanation:

• The review summary report answers questions such as what was reviewed, who reviewed it, and what the findings were. It provides a summary of the review process and outcomes.

Answer: 1. Software configuration audit

Explanation:

• A software configuration audit complements the formal technical review by assessing a configuration object for characteristics that are generally not considered during the review. It ensures that the configuration meets the required standards.

Answer: 4. All of the mentioned above

Explanation:

• The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is used to decrease risks in software, encourage productivity, and streamline process improvement. It provides a framework for improving processes and achieving higher levels of maturity.

Answer: 2. Business maturity models

Explanation:

• The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) was developed to combine multiple business maturity models into one framework. It provides a unified approach to process improvement across different domains.

Answer: 3. Five

Explanation:

• The Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) defines five maturity levels in a process meta-model. These levels range from Initial (Level 1) to Optimizing (Level 5), representing increasing levels of process maturity.

Answer: 1. True

Explanation:

• CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is the successor to CMM (Capability Maturity Model) and combines multiple maturity models into a single framework for process improvement.

Answer: 2. Maturity problem

Explanation:

• The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) helps solve the maturity problem by defining a set of practices that organizations can follow to improve their processes and achieve higher levels of maturity.

Answer: 4. All of the mentioned above

Explanation:

• CMM reference models include Software CMM, People CMM, and Systems Engineering CMM. These models provide frameworks for improving processes in different domains.

Answer: 2. Optimized

Explanation:

• A CMMI Level 5 company is described as being at the “Optimized” stage. At this level, the organization focuses on continuous process improvement and innovation to achieve optimal performance.

Answer: 1. Maturity Model Integration

Explanation:

• CMMI stands for Capability Maturity Model Integration. It is a framework for improving processes and achieving higher levels of maturity in an organization.

Answer: 1. Baselines

Explanation:

• Baselines are a software configuration management concept that helps control changes without impeding justifiable changes. A baseline represents a stable version of the software that can be used as a reference point.

Answer: 4. None of the mentioned

Explanation:

• Software Configuration Management (SCM) can be administered in various ways, including having a single team for the organization, separate teams for each project, or distributing SCM responsibilities among project members. All these approaches are valid.

Answer: 2. Version control

Explanation:

• Version control combines procedures and tools to manage different versions of configuration objects created during the software process. It ensures that changes are tracked and managed effectively.

Answer: 1. Software configuration audit

Explanation:

• A software configuration audit complements the formal technical review by assessing a configuration object for characteristics that are generally not considered during the review. It ensures that the configuration meets the required standards.

Answer: 2. True

Explanation:

• Software Configuration Management (SCM) is called an umbrella activity because it spans across all phases of the software development lifecycle. It ensures that changes are managed and controlled throughout the project.

Answer: 4. All of these

Explanation:

• The main aim of Software Configuration Management (SCM) is to identify changes, control changes, and ensure that changes are properly implemented. These activities help maintain the integrity of the software.

Answer: 4. None of the mentioned

Explanation:

• Configuration management tools track change proposals, store versions of system components, and track releases of system versions to customers. All these activities are essential for effective configuration management.

Answer: 2. Risk management

Explanation:

• Risk management is not a Software Configuration Management (SCM) activity. SCM activities include configuration item identification, release management, and branch management.

Answer: 4. All of the mentioned

Explanation:

• The definition and use of configuration management standards are essential for quality certification in ISO 9000, CMM, and CMMI. These standards ensure that changes are managed and controlled effectively.

Answer: 2. Release management

Explanation:

• Release management involves preparing software for external release and keeping track of the system versions that have been released to customers. It ensures that the correct versions are delivered and maintained.

Answer: 1. Branching

Explanation:

• Branching is the process of creating a new codeline from an existing codeline. It allows for parallel development and version control in software projects.

Answer: 4. All of the mentioned

Explanation:

• A system release includes electronic and paper documentation, packaging and publicity materials, and an installation program. All these components are essential for delivering the system to customers.