set-5

Answer: A. 3

Explanation:

• The Container Adaptors in STL are:
  1. Stack: LIFO (Last In First Out) data structure.
  2. Queue: FIFO (First In First Out) data structure.
  3. Priority Queue: Elements are ordered by priority.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

Answer: C. 3

Explanation:

• The associative containers in STL are:
  1. Set: Stores unique elements in a sorted order.
  2. Map: Stores key-value pairs in a sorted order.
  3. Multiset: Allows duplicate elements in a sorted order.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

Answer: C. 4

Explanation:

• The Unordered Associative Containers in STL are:
  1. Unordered Set: Stores unique elements in no particular order.
  2. Unordered Map: Stores key-value pairs in no particular order.
  3. Unordered Multiset: Allows duplicate elements in no particular order.
  4. Unordered Multimap: Allows duplicate key-value pairs in no particular order.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 4.

Answer: A. Implement unsorted (hashed) data structures for quick search in O(1)

Explanation:

• Unordered associative containers use hash tables to implement unsorted data structures, allowing for O(1) average time complexity for search operations.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Implement unsorted (hashed) data structures for quick search in O(1).

Answer: C. Provide a different interface for sequential containers.

Explanation:

• Container adaptors (e.g., stack, queue) provide a different interface for sequential containers, allowing them to be used in specific ways (e.g., LIFO, FIFO).
• Therefore, the correct answer is Provide a different interface for sequential containers..

Answer: B. Implement sorted data structures that can be quickly searched (O(log n) complexity)

Explanation:

• Associative containers (e.g., set, map) implement sorted data structures that allow for quick search operations with O(log n) complexity.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Implement sorted data structures that can be quickly searched (O(log n) complexity).

Answer: A. A function is limited to throwing only a specified list of exceptions

Explanation:

• Exception specification restricts a function to throwing only a specified list of exceptions.

• For example:

  void myFunction() throw(int, char) {
      // Function body
  }

• Therefore, the correct answer is A function is limited to throwing only a specified list of exceptions.

Answer: B. Arises error

Explanation:

• If a program throws an exception not specified in the exception specification, it results in a runtime error.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Arises error.

Answer: C. Throw anything

Explanation:

• If a function has no exception specification, it means the function can throw any type of exception.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Throw anything.

Answer: A. Operations which are irreversible

Explanation:

• Irreversible operations (e.g., deleting a file) typically do not throw exceptions because they cannot be undone.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Operations which are irreversible.

Answer: A. Catch all handlers

Explanation:

• The ellipsis operator (...) is used in a catch block to catch all types of exceptions.

• For example:

  try {
      // Code that may throw exceptions
  } catch (...) {
      // Catches all exceptions
  }

• Therefore, the correct answer is Catch all handlers.

Answer: B. Increases the amount of code in the cache

Explanation:

• Moving the try block far away from the catch block increases the amount of code in the cache because the compiler has to handle the exception handling mechanism over a larger scope.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Increases the amount of code in the cache.

Answer: C. Both A & B

Explanation:

• Using objects for exceptions is expensive because:
  1. The exception object is created only if an error occurs, which adds overhead.
  2. It requires large time and space to handle the exception.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Both A & B.

Answer: D. All of the Above

Explanation:

• Iterators are used to:
  1. Point to memory addresses of STL containers.
  2. Iterate over pointers.
  3. Iterate over C-like arrays.
• Therefore, the correct answer is All of the Above.

Answer: B. 3

Explanation:

• Exception handling in C++ consists of three keywords:
  1. try: Defines a block of code to be tested for errors.
  2. catch: Defines a block of code to handle the error.
  3. throw: Throws an exception when a problem is detected.
• Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

Answer: D. All of the Above

Explanation:

• The advantages of exception handling include:
  1. Separation of error handling code from normal code.
  2. Functions/methods can handle only the exceptions they choose.
  3. Grouping of error types for better organization.
• Therefore, the correct answer is All of the Above.

Answer: D. All of the Above

Explanation:

• All the statements are correct:
  1. Exceptions are runtime anomalies or abnormal conditions.
  2. Types of exceptions are synchronous (e.g., division by zero) and asynchronous (e.g., hardware interrupts).
  3. Grouping of error types is an advantage of error handling.
• Therefore, the correct answer is All of the Above.

Answer: B. Catch(…)

Explanation:

• The catch(...) block is used to catch all types of exceptions.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Catch(...).

Answer: D. Exception handler

Explanation:

• The exception handler is used to handle exceptions in C++. It consists of try, catch, and throw blocks.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Exception handler.

Answer: C. Both A & B

Explanation:

• In C++, exceptions can be:
  1. Static: Known at compile time (e.g., syntax errors).
  2. Dynamic: Occur at runtime (e.g., division by zero).
• Therefore, the correct answer is Both A & B.

Answer: A. Try

Explanation:

• The try block is used to check for errors in a block of code.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Try.

Answer: A. Try

Explanation:

• Code that may cause abnormal termination or behavior should be written inside a try block to handle potential exceptions.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Try.

Answer: C. Results in the termination of the program

Explanation:

• When a program detects an unhandled exception, it terminates abnormally.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Results in the termination of the program.

Answer: A. Error will arise

Explanation:

• If the try-catch block is not used, the program will terminate abnormally when an exception occurs.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Error will arise.

Answer: D. All of the Above

Explanation:

• Exceptions in C++ can occur due to:
  1. Divide by zero.
  2. Variable not declared.
  3. Incomplete expressions.
• Therefore, the correct answer is All of the Above.

Answer: D. All of the Above

Explanation:

• All the statements are correct:
  1. Exceptions can be handled at runtime, but errors (e.g., syntax errors) cannot.
  2. There are two types of exceptions: synchronous and asynchronous.
  3. The throw keyword is used to throw an exception.
• Therefore, the correct answer is All of the Above.

Answer: A. An exception that is thrown again as it is not handled by that catching block

Explanation:

• Rethrowing means an exception is thrown again because it was not handled by the current catch block.
• Therefore, the correct answer is An exception that is thrown again as it is not handled by that catching block.

Answer: A. The process of hiding implementation details from users of a class.

Explanation:

• Encapsulation is the process of hiding implementation details from users of a class, exposing only necessary functionality.
• Therefore, the correct answer is The process of hiding implementation details from users of a class..

Answer: D. Public, private, and protected

Explanation:

• Encapsulation in Java is implemented using access modifiers:
  1. Public: Accessible from anywhere.
  2. Private: Accessible only within the class.
  3. Protected: Accessible within the class and its subclasses.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Public, private, and protected.

Answer: C. A class with some public and some private methods and variables

Explanation:

• Encapsulation is demonstrated when a class has:
  1. Private members to hide implementation details.
  2. Public methods to provide controlled access to the data.
• Therefore, the correct answer is A class with some public and some private methods and variables.

Answer: B. Encapsulation is a broader concept that includes information hiding.

Explanation:

• Encapsulation is a broader concept that includes information hiding as one of its principles.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Encapsulation is a broader concept that includes information hiding..

Answer: D. Increased speed of execution

Explanation:

• Encapsulation provides benefits like improved security, better organization, and easier debugging, but it does not directly increase the speed of execution.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Increased speed of execution.

Answer: A. The idea that different classes should be responsible for different tasks, and that each class should be responsible for a single concern.

Explanation:

• The separation of concerns principle states that each class should handle a single responsibility or concern, making the code more modular and maintainable.
• Therefore, the correct answer is The idea that different classes should be responsible for different tasks, and that each class should be responsible for a single concern..

Answer: A. Encapsulation is achieved through the use of access modifiers such as public, private, and protected.

Explanation:

• Encapsulation in C++ is achieved using access modifiers like public, private, and protected to control access to class members.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Encapsulation is achieved through the use of access modifiers such as public, private, and protected..

Answer: D. Encapsulation and inheritance are unrelated concepts.

Explanation:

• Encapsulation and inheritance are separate concepts in OOP. Encapsulation focuses on data hiding, while inheritance focuses on code reuse and hierarchy.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Encapsulation and inheritance are unrelated concepts..

Answer: C. Method overloading

Explanation:

• Method overloading is an example of compile-time polymorphism because the method to be called is determined at compile time based on the method signature.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Method overloading.

Answer: B. Dynamic polymorphism

Explanation:

• Dynamic polymorphism allows objects of a subclass to be treated as objects of its superclass, enabling runtime method resolution (e.g., using virtual functions).
• Therefore, the correct answer is Dynamic polymorphism.

Answer: C. Subclassing

Explanation:

• Subclassing is a mechanism of inheritance, not a form of polymorphism.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Subclassing.

Answer: A. Subtyping

Explanation:

• Subtyping allows an object of a subclass to be used in place of an object of its superclass, enabling polymorphism.
• Therefore, the correct answer is Subtyping.

Answer: D. All of the Above

Explanation:

• All the statements are correct:
  1. Virtual functions must be members of a class and are typically defined in the base class.
  2. Virtual functions cannot be static members.
  3. Virtual functions are accessed through object pointers to achieve runtime polymorphism.
• Therefore, the correct answer is All of the Above.