2. Digital Logic and Microprocessor

2.1 Digital Logic:

• Number systems, logic levels, logic gates, Boolean algebra.
• Sum-of-products and product-of-sums methods.
• Truth tables and Karnaugh maps.

2.2 Combinational and Arithmetic Circuits:

• Multiplexers, demultiplexers, decoders, and encoders.
• Binary addition and subtraction.
• Operations on signed and unsigned binary numbers.

2.3 Sequential Logic Circuits:

• RS flip-flops, gated flip-flops, edge-triggered flip-flops, and master-slave flip-flops.
• Types of registers and applications of shift registers.
• Asynchronous and synchronous counters.

2.4 Microprocessor:

• Internal architecture and features.
• Assembly language programming.

2.5 Microprocessor System:

• Memory device classification and hierarchy.
• Interfacing I/O and memory parallel interfaces.
• Introduction to PPI, serial interfaces, synchronous/asynchronous transmission, and DMA controllers.

2.6 Interrupt Operations:

• Interrupts, interrupt service routines, and interrupt processing.